The 3 Most Common Intimate Part Problems

教你如何识别酵母菌感染、滴虫性阴道炎和细菌性阴道病

Whether it’s persistent itching, an abnormal discharge, or irritation, when things aren’t right in your intimate part area, you know it. If you have a intimate part, you are likely to experience intimate part problems at some point in your life. The three most common issues that occur are yeast infections, trichomoniasis, and bacterial vaginosis.

虽然这些不同的私密处感染看起来是相似的症状，但其实是截然完全不同的。而不一样的感染，也需要对针下药，用不一样的方式去治疗，所以准确地确诊患上的是哪一种，可以迅速有效地摆脱感染和避免所有潜在的并发症。

酵母菌感染

A yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of the fungus called Candida. It normally lives inside the body (in places such as the mouth, throat, gut, and intimate part) and on the skin in small amounts without causing any problems.

However, some factors—such as antibiotics, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, or a weakened immune system (even if just from stress)—can upset the balance of bacteria in the intimate part, causing yeast to multiply.¹ Without intervention, yeast thrives due to the intimate part’s wet, warm accommodations.

Three out of four women will have at least one intimate part yeast infection during their lifetime and nearly half of women have two or more infections.² They nearly always occur during your fertile years, after the onset of puberty and before menopause, likely because of the dramatic shift in hormones at these times.

The most common symptom of yeast infection is extreme itchiness in and around the intimate part. Other signs and symptoms might experience include:

• Burning, redness, and swelling of the intimate part and the vulva
• 小便时感觉私密疼痛或不适
• 进行性交的时候感觉阴部疼痛
• 私密处疼痛
• A thick, white intimate part discharge that looks like cottage cheese and does not have a bad smell

Although most yeast infections are mild, some people can develop severe infections involving redness, swelling, and cracks in the wall of the intimate part.

Some people experience frequent yeast infections, so they are familiar with the symptoms and the course of treatment. You can buy an over-the-counter antifungal cream, suppository, or tablet that you put in your intimate part for anywhere from one to seven days, depending on what you choose.

你也可以到医院，要求一种名为 Diflucan（氟康唑）的药丸，您可以口服一次以治疗感染。3³

However, if this is the first time you’re having these symptoms, it’s important to see your doctor in order to get a formal diagnosis and rule out other possibilities, especially because research shows that two in three people who buy antifungal medicine for a intimate part yeast infection don’t actually have one.⁴

酵母菌感染的药物，并不能治愈性传播感染 (STI) 或细菌性阴道病，而且可能已经同时感染了这两种疾病。

除此之外，如果您在没有酵母菌感染的情况下使用抗真菌药物，您的身体可能会对抗真菌药物产生更强的抵抗力，这可能导致未来更难以摆脱酵母菌感染。

滴虫性阴道炎

滴虫性阴道炎是由寄生虫引起的，他通常在无措施保护下的性行为中传播。它是最常见的可治愈性传播感染，即使您没有任何症状也可以传播。虽然感染在女性中更为常见，但男性也可能感染。滴虫性阴道炎出现症状之间的时间可能是 5 到 28 天。

再搓成大小均匀的丸子。⁵ However, they may notice:⁶

• 阴道和外阴感觉发热，发红和肿胀
• 3. 锅中加4块红糖和半碗清水，中小火煮至红糖化开，倒入小丸子慢煮至汤汁浓稠，加1勺芝麻拌匀。
• 性交时感觉不适
• 排尿时感觉疼痛或不适
• 骨盆疼痛，这种情况很罕见

如果你怀疑自己可能患有滴虫性阴道炎，则应该避免性行为，并立即就医。如果医生诊断出患上的是滴虫性阴道炎，你的性伴侣也应接受诊断并在必要时接受治疗。在您和您的伴侣都接受治疗且没有症状之前，不应该发生性行为。

滴虫性阴道炎的治疗，通常医生会给这两种抗生素：第一是Flagyl（甲硝唑）或 第二是Tindamax（替硝唑）。如果滴虫性阴道炎一段时间并没有得到治疗或者是好转，那么您感染人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的风险就会更高。

如果您真的患有 HIV，未经治疗的滴虫性阴道炎会使你将 HIV 传染给你的性伴侣，这就是为什么疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 建议您在感染 HIV 的情况下每年接受滴虫性阴道炎检测。

细菌性阴道病 (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of intimate part discharge during the reproductive years. BV typically occurs when there is more harmful than good bacteria in the intimate part. Specifically, BV develops when the normal balance of Lactobacillus bacteria that colonize in the intimate part gets thrown off by an overgrowth of other bacteria.

While there is not a definitive answer about what causes BV, a few factors are known to raise your risk of contracting it, including having new or multiple sexual partners, being pregnant, using intimate part douches, having an intrauterine device (IUD), and not using a condom during every act of sexual intercourse.⁸

虽然很多人没有明显的症状，但有症状的人可能会有这种症状：⁹

• A fish-like intimate part odor
• An abnormal intimate part discharge that’s white or gray and that can be either watery or foamy
• Intimate part itching and/or irritation
• 小便时有灼烧感

细菌性阴道炎（BV）需要用抗生素去治疗，如果把酵母菌感染的抗真菌药物去医治，是没有任何反应的，即使他们的症状相似。而且在完成治愈之前，避免任何的性行为。

如果你的伴侣是男性，他不需要治疗，但如果您有女性伴侣，那就需要注意，因为她可能患有 BV，也应该去看医生做检查。如果不加以治疗，BV 会增加您感染性传播疾病和艾滋病的风险，如果你正在怀孕，甚至还会导致早产或婴儿出生体重过轻

如何预防

Normally, your intimate part has a healthy balance of yeast and bacteria, but certain factors can throw that balance off. If you’re prone to intimate part infections, consider the following tips to help keep the environment in your intimate part balanced:

• 内裤选择棉质的
• 避免穿紧身或者是牛仔裤
• Stay away from intimate part douches
• 不要使用有香味的女性私密用品或卫生纸
• 确保月经期间经常更换卫生棉条、衬垫和护垫
• 如果弄湿了，尽快换掉干燥的
• 私密处总是从前到后擦拭

非常有意思的一句话

Be sure to discuss any intimate part discomfort and symptoms with your doctor at your regular checkups, even if they’re minor. For any irritating or clearly abnormal symptoms, see your doctor right away to ensure you get the correct treatment promptly. While the above are the most common intimate part problems associated with intimate part discharge, there are others that can have some overlapping symptoms, such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), vaginitis, and vulvodynia.